MINERAL FOR PLANT

1.       The presence and function of the macro elements that are needed. Antagonism.

a.       NITROGEN (N)

Nitrogen absorbed by plant roots in the form of NO3-and NH4 +, living protoplasm consists of approximately 25% dry matter with the composition of substances 50-50% and 5-10% egg white lipoiden and other compounds containing N. nitrogen content of protoplasm roughly between 2-2.5%.

      With the harvest of crops on a large scale then a lot of nitrogen loss.

      On the sugarcane companies often get as much income 1000-1500 sugarcane qt. When the water level is calculated 70% of the dry ingredients numbered 300-450 qt / ha at each harvest. For rice the result is lower which is 22 qt / ha of grain or 20 qt / ha dry matter of grain and 45 qt / ha dry matter of straw so by 64 qt / ha. Therefore, N fertilization on sugar cane must be greater than in rice.

      Even if there is a close relationship between the provision of N to the number of dry matter produced, does not mean that the administration of substance N should as much as possible, because such substances N excess will be harmful. It is true that the provision of N will produce a lot of green materials such as leaves and stems, but   in a lot of rice plants fertilized with N will generate a lot of leaves and stems, but because the growth is very fertile, it is so easy to fall flaccid trunk and generate less sekai fruit; besides a lot of fertilizer N   can slow cooking beans.

      Giving N also influenced the development of the composition of the root, but not as Phosphorus where the roots become longer and more deeply into the soil. Because it roots into the soil composition of the entry that is not commensurate with the top of the soil fertility, the plants in such circumstances would sooner drought. 

b.    Phosphor (P)

                Phosphorus is taken up by the roots in the form of H2PO4-and HPO4 = most of the phosphorus in plants is as builder substances and bound in organic compounds, and only a small fraction present in the form of inorganic phosphate ions.

                 Some parts of the plant contain a substance very much, that any part of the relevant parts of the generative culture, such as floral leaves, stalk juice, anthers, pollen grains, fruits and leaves ovule. So for the formation of flowers and fruit are very much needed element phosphorus. Besides phosphorus also contribute to the synthesis of green leaves. Phosphorus encourages the growth of young roots is useful for resistance to drought.

c.    Potassium (K)

Potassium is absorbed in the form of K +. potassium are contained in ash. DUSH tea leaves contain up to 50% K2O, the young shoots of sugarcane mengadung 60-70% K2O, and the corn crop is as follows:

In the stems and leaves: 52% and 61%

In the cob: 21% -45%

In the root: 3% -20%

      Potassium is found in cells that is the ion-ion cells and the fluid in fertilization adsorptif albumen in the cytoplasm. Cell nucleus does not contain potassium. An ion in the fluid cell, Potassium plays a role in implementing the "turgor" caused by stress osmotis.

      Potassium ions have physiological functions in carbon assimilation. When planting in no way given K, then assimilation would cease. Thus the yield abundant crops of assimilation such as potatoes, cassava, sugar cane, pineapples, will require a lot of Potassium (K2O) in the soil.

      Potassium also function in cell division and the synthesis of egg white. At the time of the formation of flowers or fruits then quickly withdrawn Potassium will therefore Potassium easy move (cars).

      Another function of Potassium is the formation of a network amplifier. The development of the network amplifier on the petiole and fruit is not good often leads to early fall of leaves and fruit. The leaves of the tea and coconut stalks when Potassium deficiency will droop and his men quickly fell.

d.    calcium (Ca)

This element is absorbed in the Ca + +, calcium   as calcium pectinaat there in the middle of a lamellar-lamellar cell walls, deposits of calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate and an ion in water-Tues Most of this lime (CaO) is found in the leaves and stems. In the grains of relatively less chalky, so also at the root . At the root  abound on the ends and root hairs.

Calcium ions are important functions is to regulate the permeability of the cell wall. It is known that potassium ions that increase the permeability of the cell wall   and Calcium ions are opposite. It is important for the organism, because the increase in permeability caused by potassium ions can be prevented.

            Important role of calcium found in the ends of the root growth and the formation of root hairs. When lime voided the second growth will cease and the parts that have been formed will die and reddish brown.

e.    Magnesium (Mg)

Magnesium is absorbed in the form of Mg + + and is part of the green leaves that can not be replaced by other elements, except that in the green leaves as well as the Mg contained in water-ion cells.

            Although Mg minerals   absorbed by plants in very small amounts if with other macro minerals (such as N, P and Ca), Mg in a Mg 2 + plays an important role in the preparation of chlorophyll. According to GH   Collings (1955) levels of magnesium from chlorophyll plants was 2.7 percent.

f.     Sulfur (S)

Sulfur is absorbed in the form of SO4 =, there are elements in the albumen. Furthermore there is the glucoside and sulfur as sulfate ions in water-Tues

1.2   Elements of the desired macro

a.       NATRIUM/SODIUM

Sodium found in all plant ash, prior to planting in soil timbuh much like kitchen salt in salty or brackish soil, sea water, etc.. Therefore, usually on such crops (halophyta) there is the chlorine ions.

            Sodium ions have formed as a biological sense because participating as maintain turgor. This element can also replace potassium in the matter and it often happens, that rate rises if conditions Natrium element Potassium is less.

b.       Chlorine (Cl)

Chlorine ions in the water there as the cells in all the crops. The rates are very different, depending on the chloride content of their environment. Especially halophyta crops contain much chlorine.

            Although chlorine ions do not do psychological function in nutrient exchange processes, but it has an influence on it, and its influence is not always profitable even sometimes detrimental.

            Effect of chlorine ions well to the exchange agent of course only as long as the concentration that is below or at the optimum conditions, which may encourage the formation of chlorophyll, and its effect on the compounds in the plant. Chlorine can reduce transpiratie braked so that the leaves will become more watery.

c.        

It is important for some PLANT cells made with grit acid as a precaution against disturbances that feed on the leaves and the entry of germs into it, (stems, leaves and grass, all kinds of wood)

d.       Aluminum (Al)

This element is always found in the ashes of plants even if only a little. Is Al urgently needed or no consent from members. What is important in this case is that some crp shows sensitivity to these elements even if minimal. Research on the use of sugar cane that 17-170 mg / 1 Al2O3 can be dangerous, in tobacco 90-180 mg / 1 Al2O3 was dangerous.

            Rice plants are very sensitive to the Al2O3 approximately 14 mg / 1 Al2O3 is toxic to rice. the ground state of extreme (high PH), crops grown on such land will die.

            Plants are less sensitive to this element.

2.       ELEMENTS MICRO

Micro elements that is needed is Iron, Manganese, Boron, cupprum, Zinc, and Molibdin.

a.       Iron (F)

Iron is absorbed in the form of Fe + + and has a function that can not be replaced in the formation of green leaves. Iron is also one of the elements needed in the formation of the enzyme-enzyme respiratory oksidasi   carbohydrate into carbon dioxide gas and water.

            Iron in plant less mobile, so that when iron deficiency and may be visible symptoms on the young plants.

b.   Mangan (Mn)

Mn is absorbed by plants in the form of Mn + +, in the absence of Mn element the plant can not live, if the plant Mn deficiency will be klorotis, green leaves are not formed.

            Mn also affect the process of the respiratory dessimilasi. Enzymes-enzymes that regulate this process contains Mn.

            Concentrations can harm lies in the 10 to several hundred milligrams perliternya. If too many klorose Mn occurs as Fe deficiency, as well as the composition of the roots will die and red brown. Excess Mn can be given a bit of iron salts are soluble, then klorose lost because the two elements are antagonistic to each other.  

c.   Borium(B)

Boron is absorbed by plants in the form of BO8 =. Lack of these elements   can cause buds and shoots so dead. Growth in meristema be disrupted, leading to abnormalities in the formation of the former vessel, so that food transport will be disrupted.

d.       Cupprum(Cu)

The element copper is absorbed by plants in the form of Cu + +. Cu is necessary to the formation of some kinds of enzymes, therefore it is very necessary even in small quantities.

e       Zinc (Zn)

Zinc is absorbed in the form of Zn + +. Zinc in low rates give impetus to growth. Whereas when the slightest excess rate will be poison for crops.

Zn-fertilization fertilization has a function in the formation of growth hormone (auxin) and important for psychological balance. Gejalagejala Zn deficiency is the leaf between the bones of the red leaves brown.

f.         Molibden (Mo)

Absorbed by the roots in the form of molybdate ion (Moo4). Important role in the binding of nitrogen in plants Leguminose useful. Mo is also important for citrus and vegetables.

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